Introduction to statistics and data analysis

Synopsis

1. THE ROLE OF STATISTICS. Three Reasons to Study Statistics. The Nature and Role of Variability. Statistics and Data Analysis. Types of Data and Simple Graphical Displays. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. 2.THE DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS AND COLLECTING DATA SENSIBILY. The Data Analysis Process. Sampling. Statistical Studies: Observation and Experimentation. Simple Comparative Experiments. More on Experimental Design. More on Observational Studies: Designing Surveys (Optional). Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 3. GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR DESCRIBING DATA. Displaying Categorical Data: Comparative Bar Charts and Pie Charts. Displaying Numerical Data: Stem-and-Leaf Displays. Displaying Numerical Data: Frequency Distributions and Histograms. Displaying Bi-variate Numerical Data. Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 4.NUMERICAL METHODS FOR DESCRIBING DATA. Describing the Center of a Data Set. Describing the Variability in a Data Set. Summarizing a Data Set: Boxplots. Interpreting Center and Variability: Chevyshev''s Rule, the Empirical Rule, and z Scores. Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 5.SUMMARIZING BIVARIATE DATA. Correlation. Linear Regression: Fitting a Line to Bi-variate Data. Assessing the Fit of a Line. Nonlinear Relationships and Transformations. Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 6. PROBABILITY. Chance Experiments and Events. The Definition of Probability. Basic Properties of Probability. Conditional Probability. Independence. Some General Probability Rules. Estimating Probabilities Empirically and Using Simulation. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 7. RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS. Random Variables. Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables. Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables. The Mean and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable. The Binomial and Geometric Distributions. The Normal Distribution. Checking for Normality and Normalizing Transformations. Using the Normal Distribution to Approximate a Discrete Distribution. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 8.SAMPLING VARIABILITY AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS. Statistics and Sampling Variability. The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Mean. The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 9.ESTIMATION USING A SINGLE SAMPLE. Point Estimation. A Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion. A Confidence Interval for a Population Mean. Communicating and Interpreting the Results of a Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 10. HYPOTHESIS TESTING USING A SINGLE SAMPLE. Hypotheses and Test Procedures. Errors in Hypothesis Testing. Large-Sample Hypothesis Tests for a Population Proportion. Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean. Power and the Probability of Type II Error. Communicating and Interpreting the Results of Statistical Analyses. Chapter Activities. Supplementary Exercises. Graphing Calculator Explorations. 11.COMPARING TWO POPULATIONS OR TREATMENTS. Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Means Using Independent Samples. Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Means Using Paired Samples. Large-Sample Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Proportions. Distribution-Free Procedures for Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Two Population o