"If you ever said 'I'm no good at numbers, ' this book can change your life", said Gloria Steinem of the first edition of Overcoming Math Anxiety in 1978. And lives were changed. Sheila Tobias said it first: mathematics avoidance is not a failure of intellect, but a failure of nerve. To thousands who once thought they were too "dumb in math" to do anything about it, Tobias's political and psychological analysis brought hope. Her pioneering efforts to take the sting out of math made math anxiety a household word. What makes Overcoming Math Anxiety different from books like Innumeracy or Math Made Easy is the author's role and purpose. Neither a mathematician nor a math teacher, Tobias positions herself on the side of her readers. She knows what they are thinking, because she thinks that way herself. "I was always trying to turn math expressions into words ..". she says. "The first time I saw negative numbers, I felt confused ..". While her analysis of the causes of their math anxiety (the moment when their third-grade teacher made them stay at the blackboard hunting vainly for their mistake) is an important focus, most of all Tobias wants her readers to face up to the cost of math avoidance in their lives. "Why is a smart girl like you counting on your fingers?" "If you could do math, what else could you do?" The new edition retains the author's pungent analysis of what makes math "hard" for otherwise successful people and how women, more than men, become victims of a gendered view of math. The chapters on "Mathematics and Sex" and "Right- and Wrongheadedness" have been substantially updated to incorporate new research which demonstrates how little we really know about "sex differences"in brain organization and function. The hands-on experience in "Word-Problem Solving", "Everyday Math", and "Sunday Math" have been enlarged to include problems, puzzles, and strategies tried out in hundreds of math anxiety